1. Energy and Fuel Management

To become a green business organization and support the transition to a low-carbon society, the Company implements a systematic energy management policy. This includes setting targets for reducing electricity and fuel consumption in line with the organization's targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company has also undertaken energy conservation measures, such as improving energy efficiency through upgrades to production and transportation processes, while simultaneously allocating capital expenditure (CAPEX) to projects that reduce fossil fuel consumption and increase the proportion of renewable energy in the long term.

Renewable Energy Consumption

Centralized Chiller System

The Company implemented a chilled water system optimization project by centralizing chilled water distribution through the installation of a new high-efficiency chiller. The upgraded system is equipped with an automated control system and Variable Speed Drives (VSDs) for chiller pumps, enabling operational adjustments in alignment with actual production load (%) requirements.

Since commencing operations in January 2025, the upgraded system has consistently supported all production lines and enabled the decommissioning of older, less energy-efficient chillers. As a result, Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) in 2025 decreased by 38% compared to 2024, reflecting a significant improvement in overall energy consumption

In addition, the system design enables centralized operational control, enhancing efficiency while ensuring sufficient production redundancy to maintain operational continuity and mitigate the risk of process disruptions.

This project supports the Company’s cost optimization objectives while reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It also aligned with the Company’s long-term sustainable business strategy. The Company plans to further expand the implementation of this project to the Bang Phli Factory in the following year.

Insulation Installation for Hot Water Piping – Fat & Oil Production Line

This project aims to enhance energy efficiency and minimize thermal energy losses within the production process through the installation of thermal insulation on hot water pipelines supplying heat to the Fat & Oil production line. The production area is maintained under controlled temperature conditions in accordance with quality assurance and food safety production standards.

Prior to project implementation, the hot water pipelines were not insulated, resulting in significant heat loss and elevated ambient temperatures within the production area. This condition increased electricity and fuel consumption by the air conditioning system and the hot water generation system beyond optimal levels. Insulation installation reduced thermal losses, stabilized production area temperatures, and lowered the operational load on the air conditioning system. As a result, the project contributes to energy reduction in both electricity consumption from the air conditioning system and fuel consumption from the hot water system. It also makes production more efficient overall and helps the Company reach its goals for energy management, cost control, and long-term sustainable factory operations.

Future Heat Loss Reduction Plan

The Company has established plans to implement additional energy conservation initiatives, particularly those focused on reducing heat loss within production processes, as outlined below:

• Air Compressor System Installation with Variable Speed Drive (VSD) and Heat Recovery System

  The Company plans to install a high-efficiency air compressor equipped with a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) control system to ensure that operations are aligned with actual demand. This will help minimize energy losses and reduce overall electricity consumption. In addition, a Heat Recovery System will be installed to capture and reuse thermal energy generated during the air compression process. The recovered heat will be utilized by supplying hot water from the cooling system to production processes requiring thermal energy, thereby directly reducing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption.

  This project will enhance overall energy efficiency, reduce energy costs from both electricity and fuel consumption, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. It aligns with the Company’s energy management objectives and long-term sustainable business strategy. The project is scheduled for implementation at the Theparak Factory in the first quarter of B.E. 2569 (2026).

• Energy Reduction in Boiler Systems

  The Company also plans to expand its boiler energy reduction to the Bang Phli Factory, following successful implementation at the Theparak Factory. The project at Theparak Factory reduced LPG consumption by 1,027 kilograms per year. This project involves recovering and reusing excess condensate from the boiler system, thereby reducing the energy required for steam generation.

In addition, the Company has implemented various energy conservation measures, including machinery system optimization, equipment efficiency improvements, and the promotion of an energy conservation culture among employees.

Performance

In 2025, the Company’s overall energy consumption comprised electricity, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and transportation fuel, accounting for 50.4%, 38.8%, and 10.8% of total energy consumption, respectively. Of the total energy consumption, 41.2% was purchased electricity, while 9.2% was electricity generated from solar energy.

Electricity and Fuel Consumption

Total energy consumption per unit of production

In 2025, the Company's electricity consumption per unit of production decreased by 0.7% compared to 2024, while fuel consumption per unit of production increased by 2.5%. This results in a 0.9% increase in total energy consumption per unit of production compared to the previous year. This change is primarily due to an approximately 3% decrease in total production resulting from a temporary shutdown of the butter production line for factory renovations and upgrades, leading to reduced energy efficiency per unit of production during that period.

However, the Company's total energy expenses in 2025 decreased significantly by 12.6 % compared to the previous year, resulting from efficient electricity management, an increased percentage of renewable energy use, and reduced fuel consumption for transportation.

Furthermore, the Company prepared additional energy conservation projects and related activities to enhance the efficiency of electricity and fuel consumption in accordance with the set targets and to support long-term sustainable business operations.

2. Water Management

The Company is committed to sustainable water resource management by establishing guidelines for efficient water consumption and legally securing water sources without impacting surrounding communities amidst increased severe global water resource challenges. Therefore, the Company prioritizes controlling and reducing the environmental impact on water from all its activities by managing wastewater to meet legal standards, as stipulated in the Notifications of the Ministry of Industry on Wastewater Discharge Control Standards from Factories B.E. 2560 (2017), and continuously seeks options to recycle and reuse water within the organization. This ensures optimal water resource utilization and supports long-term sustainable operations.

Water Risk Management Guidelines

The Company places great importance on water resource management, as water is a vital resource for production processes and a key raw material. Large quantities of water are used in various activities, and wastewater generated from production processes can negatively impact the quality of natural water sources, biodiversity in aquatic environments, and surrounding communities if not properly managed. Furthermore, the Company may face water risks from climate change, such as droughts, floods, and saltwater intrusion, which could affect the continuity of operations.

In 2025, the Company assessed and analyzed water risk from its operational locations using the World Resources Institute (WRI) AQUEDUCT Water Risk Atlas. The assessment revealed that the Company's factories are located in the Chao Phraya River basin, which is classified as a high water-stressed region. This poses risks from water supply and demand imbalances, as well as drought, flooding, and water level fluctuations. Meanwhile, distribution centers in Khon Kaen, Chiang Mai, and Surat Thani are located in areas with moderate water risk. The Company has implemented continuous monitoring and surveillance measures for these locations.

Based on the assessment, the Company has established water management measures covering all operational locations, using the requirements of the ISO 14001:2015 environmental management system as a framework. The two factories, accounting for over 90% of the Company's total water consumption, receive special attention. These measures focus on reducing water withdrawals from various sources, especially in high-water stress areas where the factories are located, as well as increasing water efficiency, managing wastewater appropriately, and mitigating water risks to support business continuity and minimize long-term environmental impact. The risk management measures and details are as follows:

Risk Assessment, Mitigation Plan, and Performance for Water Resources

Key Water Management Projects

The Company implemented water management projects to achieve the goals of reducing water consumption, mitigating water resource risks, and managing wastewater efficiently. Key projects include:

Water Recycling

The Company manages wastewater treatment alongside water resource conservation to minimize tap water usage. This involves designing and selecting wastewater treatment systems suitable to the specific characteristics of the wastewater generated at each factory, ensuring effective pollution control and treatment. The treated wastewater is then reused within the factory for non-production activities, ensuring no impact on product quality and enhancing overall water management. This was done to maximize water management and improve its efficiency within the factory. Currently, each factory follows the water and wastewater management processes as follows:

1. Theparak Factory - Wastewater from the factory enters the treatment system, where it undergoes an initial disposal or treatment process using a grease trap and dissolved air flotation (DAF). It is then sent to the second stage of the treatment, utilizing the activated sludge (AS) biological treatment system and sequence batch reactor (SBR) treatment system until the wastewater meets legal standards. After treatment, the water is of sufficient quality for reuse. The treated wastewater is directed into the softener water system and is used in the cooling tower system and for bathroom toilets.
   

   In 2025, the Company installed an Activated Filter Media (AFM) system, a special filter media made from glass using an activation process. This system provides high filtration efficiency of up to 1 micron, effectively trapping bacteria, reducing the need for chemicals, and offering an extended operational lifespan. This significantly improves efficiency compared to conventional filter sand and allows for substantial water reuse.

   
2. Bang Phli Factory - Wastewater from the factory enters the treatment system, beginning with the initial removal or treatment process using grease purification and a grease trap. It is then sent to the second stage of treatment, where the activated sludge (AS) biological treatment system is used. This system includes three aeration tanks providing sufficient air for wastewater treatment, following the flow direction diagram, until the wastewater meets legal standards. The treated wastewater is stored in the Company's water tank and reused for activities such as watering trees, washing road surfaces, etc.

   In 2026, the Company approved capital expenditure (CAPEX) allocation to develop a water recycling system at the Bang Phli Factory, applying the same approach as the previous water management project at the Theparak Factory. The project aims to increase water management efficiency, reduce water withdrawals from natural sources, and promote efficient water utilization in production processes, which is expected to reduce the overall water consumption of the Bang Phli Factory in the long term.

Treated Wastewater Quality Control

The Company maintains strict control over the quality of treated wastewater. Monthly wastewater quality monitoring is conducted by an independent private laboratory accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 standards. Samples are collected both before and after treatment to analyze performance and assess the efficiency of the wastewater treatment system. Monitoring parameters are in accordance with the Ministry of Industry’s Notification on Wastewater Discharge Control Standards B.E. 2560 (2017), ensuring strict compliance with applicable legal requirements.

Based on performance in the previous year, the Company was able to reuse 100% of treated wastewater within both manufacturing facilities. All operations were conducted in strict compliance with government laws and standards, without causing any environmental impacts.

Performance

Through the implementation of water management measures, the Company maintained a sufficient water supply for operations in 2025. This enabled a continuous increase in the proportion of recycled water used in the production process, with no production disruptions arising from water quantity or quality issues, and without compromising product quality or safety. The Company fully complied with all applicable laws and regulations related to water consumption and wastewater management, and no complaints were received from surrounding communities regarding water or environmental impacts.

In 2025, the Company reduced water consumption per unit of production by 5.4% compared to 2024, exceeding the target of 3%. This achievement contributed to a significant reduction in water-related costs and reflects the Company’s efficient and responsible use of water resources.

The Company plans to further strengthen engagement with surrounding communities by conducting in-depth assessments of water consumption patterns, environmental impacts, and potential pollution concerns affecting nearby areas. The findings will be used to identify additional water management measures and collaborative approaches between the Company and the community to appropriately and sustainably prevent future water-related risks.